– His saying -peace and prayer of Allah be upon him-, “Medina is a sanctuary from the ‘Aer mountain to such and such a place, and whoever innovates in it an heresy or commits a sin, or gives shelter to such an innovator or sinner in it, will incur the curse of Allah, the angels, and all the people, none of his compulsory or optional good deeds of worship will be accepted.” (Narrated by Al Bukhari and Muslim) – The Prophet -peace and prayer of Allah be upon him- said, “Indeed, Abraham had turned Mecca to a holy city, and I caused Medina to be a holy city (as well).” (Narrated by Muslim) The city of Medina possesses many virtues, as mentioned in many hadith. The highest temperature is around 30-45 Celsius degree on summer, and average temperature is ranged between 10-25 Celsius degree. Geographically, this city is a plateau surrounded by mountain and hills, with a typical climate of desert. The other names such as An-Najiyah, Al-Mubarakah, Al-Majinnah, Al-Marzuqah, Asy-Syafiyah, Al-Mahfufah, Al-Marhumah, Al-Qudsiyah, Darul Hijrah, and Al-Jabirah. This was the name of Medina before the emigration of the Prophet – peace and prayer of Allah be upon him. It is based on a hadith of the Prophet – peace and prayer of Allah be upon him- about Medina “This is a city of Thayibah, which clears the impurities (of the hypocrites) as the fire clears the impurities from silver.” (Narrated by Al Bukhari and Muslim) This name is based on a narration, telling that when the Prophet – peace and prayer of Allah be upon him- went back from Tabuk and intended to enter the city of Medina, he said, “This (Medina) is Thabah….” (Narrated by Al Bukhari and Muslim) The city of Medina possesses many names, about 29 names. After the Prophet -peace and prayer of Allah be upon him – emigrated to it, it was known by “Madinatur Rasul” (the city of the Messenger), and later people called this city by “Al Medina”. Before the emigration of the Prophet – peace and prayer of Allah be upon him-, this city was named “ Yatsrib“.
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